Electrical Principles: What is Electricity?#electricity #electrons #electrones #electromagnets #electromagnetism #magnets #starter #starting #wave #waveform #alternator #phase #phases #windings #winding #connections…

What is Pulse-width Modulation? Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is a fancy term for describing a type of digital signal. Pulse…

This post describes a circuit that has a capacitive input sensor and a switching transistor at the output PNP. When…

Nowadays you can buy white LEDs, which emit quite a bit oflight. They are so bright that you shouldn’t look…

As electronic circuits evolve and advance, the demand for stable components capable of handling more power in extreme environments increases….

The primary job of a capacitor is to store charge and later to release that charge for another part of…

The decibel is the base-10 logarithm ratio used to express an increase or decrease in power, voltage, or current in…

While driving on highways, motorists should not exceed the maximum speed limitpermitted for their vehicles. However, accidents keep occurring due…

A band Stop Filter known also as a Notch Filter, blocks and rejects frequencies that lie between its two cut-off…

The state variable filter is a type of multiple-feedback filter circuit that can produce all three filter responses, Low Pass,…

Second Order (or two-pole) Filters consist of two RC filter sections connected together to provide a -40dB/decade roll-off rate. Second…

In the previous filter tutorials we looked at simple first-order type low and high pass filters that contain only one…

The principal characteristic of a Band Pass Filter or any filter for that matter is its ability to pass frequencies…

An Active High Pass Filter can be created by combining a passive RC filter network with an operational amplifier to…

By combining a basic RC Low Pass Filter circuit with an operational amplifier we can create an Active Low Pass…

Passive Band Pass Filters can be made by connecting together a low pass filter with a high pass filter. Band…

A High Pass Filter is the exact opposite to the low pass filter circuit as the two components have been…

A Low Pass Filter is a circuit that can be designed to modify, reshape or reject all unwanted high frequencies…

Capacitive Reactance is the complex impedance of a capacitor who’s value changes with respect to the applied frequency. In the…

The characteristics of a capacitors define its temperature, voltage rating and capacitance range as well as its use in a…

Generator and Motor are two distinct gadgets with various applications. A generator is a more extensive term used to characterize…

Knowing the way that petroleum products are not going to keep going forever, the sun-oriented power age is by all…

What Makes Contactors Different from Relays? The course book definitions are sufficiently comparable it doesn’t generally encourage us. Both play…

The Difference Between MCB & MCCB? 1- Miniature Circuit Breaker (MCB)  :                    …

Air Circuit Breaker This circuit breaker will work noticeably all around; the extinguishing medium is an Arc at the climatic…

A phase splitter circuit produces two output signals that are equal in amplitude but opposite in phase from each other…

Frequency Response of an amplifier or filter shows how the gain of the output responds to input signals at different…

Amplifiers are classified into classes according to their construction and operating characteristics. Not all amplifiers are the same and there…

Class AB amplifier output stage combines the advantages of the Class A amplifier and the Class B amplifier producing a…

Crossover Distortion is a common feature of Class-B amplifiers where the non-linearities of the two switching transistors do not vary…

Class-B Amplifiers use two or more transistors biased in such a way so that each transistor only conducts during one…

Common emitter amplifiers are the most commonly used type of amplifier as they can have a very large voltage gain….

Amplifier Distortion can take on many forms such as Amplitude, Frequency and Phase Distortion due to Clipping. For a signal…

Common Source JFET Amplifier uses junction field effect transistors as its main active device offering high input impedance characteristics. Transistor…

The most common amplifier configuration for an NPN transistor is that of the Common Emitter Amplifier circuit. In the previous…

An amplifier is an electronic device or circuit which is used to increase the magnitude of the signal applied to…

Transformer voltage regulation is the ratio or percentage value by which a transformers output terminal voltage varies either up or…

Audio Transformers are designed for use in audio amplifier applications for coupling and impedance matching of amplifiers and speakers. As…

Three-phase Transformers are the backbone of electrical power distribution whether Delta or Star connected windings. Thus far we have looked…

The primary and secondary windings of an Autotransformer are linked together both electrically and magnetically reducing the cost over conventional…

Multiple Winding Transformers can have two or more primary or secondary winding allowing for different combinations of voltages and currents….

Transformers are electrical devices consisting of two or more coils of wire used to transfer electrical energy by means of…

All coils, inductors, chokes and transformers create a magnetic field around themselves consist of an Inductance in series with a…

Inductive Reactance of a coil depends on the frequency of the applied voltage as reactance is directly proportional to frequency….

Inductance is the name given to the property of a component that opposes the change of current flowing through it…

Mutual Inductance is the interaction of one coils magnetic field on another coil as it induces a voltage in the…

Inductors are said to be connected together in Parallel when both of their terminals are respectively connected to each terminal…

Inductors can be connected together in a series connection when the are daisy chained together sharing a common electrical current….

An Inductor is a passive electrical component consisting of a coil of wire which is designed to take advantage of…

The Diode Clipper, also known as a Diode Limiter, is a wave shaping circuit that takes an input waveform and…

Light Emitting Diodes or simply LED´s, are among the most widely used of all the different types of semiconductor diodes…

A Semiconductor Diode blocks current in the reverse direction, but will suffer from premature breakdown or damage if the reverse…

Power Diodes can be connected together to form a full wave rectifier that convert AC voltage into pulsating DC voltage…

EDs (Light-emitting diode) can be found in many colors and sizes. This example shows the simplest thing you can do with…

An RGB LED has 4 pins, one for each color (Red, Green, Blue) and a common cathode. It has three…