The Amazing World of Electronics

An RGB LED has 4 pins, one for each color (Red, Green, Blue) and a common cathode. It has three…

Power Diodes are semiconductor pn-junctions capable of passing large currents at high voltage values for use in rectifier circuits. In…

A Schottky Diode is a metal-semiconductor diode with a low forward voltage drop and a very fast switching speed. The…

Signal Diodes are small two-terminal which conducts current when forward biased and blocks current flow when reverse biased. The semiconductor…

The amplifier features delay, dc protection, and temperature monitoring across the speaker protection circuits. Since the application of short circuit…

A PN-junction diode is formed when a p-type semiconductor is fused to an n-type semiconductor creating a potential barrier voltage…

A PN-junction is formed when an N-type material is fused together with a P-type material creating a semiconductor diode. In…

If resistors are the most basic passive component in electrical or electronic circuits, then we have to consider the Signal…

The Varistor is a passive two-terminal solid state semiconductor device that is used to provide protection to electrical and electronic…

Resistivity of materials is the resistance to the flow of an electric current with some materials resisting the current flow…

The Darlington Transistor configuration of two bipolar transistors offers increased current switching for a given base current. The Darlington Transistor…

Push-button bathroom fan switch design supports timed operation. This design switches a 120VAC load, and includes several much-needed details on…

A universal problem in battery-operated devices is the threat of damage when an end user (never an engineer) inserts the…

Polarity-correcting circuit protects battery-powered devices. previously-published Design Idea outlined a polarity protection circuit that provides the correct connection of the…

MOSFET’s operate the same as JFET’s but have a gate terminal that is electrically isolated from the conductive channel. As…

Transistor switches can be used to switch a low voltage DC device (e.g. LED’s) ON or OFF by using a…

The PNP Transistor is the exact opposite to the NPN Transistor device we looked at in the previous tutorial. Basically,…

NPN Transistors are three-terminal, three-layer devices that can function as either amplifiers or electronic switches. In the previous tutorial we…

The Bipolar Junction Transistor is a semiconductor device which can be used for switching or amplification. In the diode tutorials,…

Potentiometers and Rheostats create a change in their resistive value when a connected shaft is physically rotated. Resistors provide a…

Resistors can also be used in Alternating Current supplies where the voltages, currents, and power being consumed are given in…

Electrical Power is absorbed by a resistance as it is the product of voltage and current with some resistances converting…

The voltage difference between any two points in a circuit is known as Potential Difference and it is this potential…

Resistors can be connected together in an unlimited number of series and parallel combinations to form complex resistive circuits. In…

Resistors are said to be connected together in parallel when both of their terminals are respectively connected to each terminal…

Resistors are said to be connected in series when they are daisy chained together in a single line resulting in…

Resistor Color Coding uses colored bands to easily identify a resistors resistive value and its percentage tolerance. There are many…

Resistors are the most fundamental and commonly used of all the electronic components, to the point where they are almost…

Electrical Energy supplies the power required to produce work or an action within an electrical circuit and is given in…

Current Divider circuits have two or more parallel branches for currents to flow through but the voltage is the same…

Voltage Divider circuits are used to produce different voltage levels from a common voltage source but the current is the…

Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL) is Kirchhoff’s second law that deals with the conservation of energy around a closed circuit path….

A Current Source is an active circuit element that is capable of supplying a constant current flow to a circuit…

A Voltage Source is a device that generates an exact output voltage which, in theory, does not change regardless of…

Star-Delta Transformations and Delta-Star Transformations allow us to convert impedances connected together in a 3-phase configuration from one type of…

Maximum Power Transfer occurs when the resistive value of the load is equal in value to that of the voltage…

Nortons theorem is an analytical method used to change a complex circuit into a simple equivalent circuit consisting of a…

Thevenin theorem is an analytical method used to change a complex circuit into a simple equivalent circuit consisting of a…

Nodal Voltage Analysis finds the unknown voltage drops around a circuit between different nodes that provide a common connection for…

Mesh Current Analysis is a technique used to find the currents circulating around a loop or mesh with in any…

Electrical Units of Measurement are used to express standard electrical units along with their prefixes when the units are too…

The fundamental relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical or electronic circuit is called Ohm’s Law. All materials…

The relationship between Voltage, Current, and Resistance in any DC electrical circuit was firstly discovered by the German physicist Georg…

Electricity is a process of the transmission of an electrons group from one point to another.  That is the definition…

The principle behind this wind speed meter without moving parts is based on the measurement of a temperature difference. We…

To determine the amount or magnitude of the electrical current flowing around an electrical or electronic circuit, we need to…

Nobody pays much attention to automatically opening and closing sliding doors nowadays. In view of the complex mechanics involved, not…

This application of the well-known Type 555 timer is intended for model railway enthusiasts wishing to construct a two-lamp flashing…

Capacitors are simple passive device that can store an electrical charge on their plates when connected to a voltage source….

Kirchhoffs Circuit Laws allow us to solve complex circuit problems by defining a set of basic network laws and theorems…

Contactless Voltage Tester

INFRA-RED LIGHT BARRIER Infrared light barriers enjoy great popularity as timing devices at sports venues, as detectors in alarm installations,…

FOUR POSITION TOUCH DIMMER Any electric light may be adjusted with this dimmer to very low, low, medium, and maximum,…

FLASHING LIGHT WITH TWILIGHT SWITCH The special feature of this flashing light is the op- tical switch, which automatically switches…